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    Hola Huub,<br>
    <br>
    Thanks for the notes on how hotspotting is shutting down social
    support  by civil society from the roots in a number of regions and<br>
    also aggressively making flight facilitation-an making them equal
    criminal acts.<br>
    <br>
    And yes, please do, give your sense of creating re-visibility during
    these E.U. acts of erasing.<br>
    <br>
    Very best,<br>
    Ricardo<br>
    <br>
    P.S. As a side note in relation to Ana's figuration of camps in
    recent history-how long do people stay in camps:<br>
    <br>
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      <p style="margin-bottom:1em;"> <em>“...Refugee camps are the
          cities of tomorrow ... The average stay today in a camp is 17
          years. That’s a generation. In the Middle East, we were
          building camps (as) storage facilities for people. But the
          refugees were building a city…”</em></p>
      <p style="margin-bottom:1em;"> <em>— </em><em>Kilian Kleinschmidt</em></p>
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    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 2/8/16 12:59 PM, Huub Dijstelbloem
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHv2rB-_XPmzwYW1FgZAbj-mY1U=e8FRcC4pVNHcMnYChK6O8Q@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
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          <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Hi Ricardo,</span><span
              style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times"></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span
              lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span
style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial;background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">“I
              was wondering how your work traces out the
              question of how virtual fences function in creating
              targeted visibility (as
              expanded forms</span><span
              style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial">
              <span
                style="background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">surveillance)
                of immigration, how does migration
                hotspot* management function shutdown invisibility
                and escape routes?” </span></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span
style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial;background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial"> </span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span
              lang="EN-US">Thanks for bringing in that
              question, it goes right at the center of some things I
              have recently been
              working on. As I mentioned in my first post, border
              surveillance policies in
              Europe in general and this new strategy of hotspotting in
              particular mistakenly
              assume you can define a region as a border just by taking
              in a North-West
              perspective. Defining the Aegean as a border is a denial
              of history and a
              denial of transactions and exchanges that have been going
              on culturally,
              socially, economically and religiously between different
              regions for centuries.
               So by defining a region as a hotspot the
              first thing that happens is that all kinds of existing
              relationships between a
              state and civil society on the one hand and between
              different social
              organizations on the other are put under pressure. Some of
              the consequences we
              see already. Following the questionable (to say the least)
              Greek example,
              several European member states are studying on
              jurisdiction to arrest people
              who support migrants (“irregular migrants” as they are
              officially referred to)
              on the accusation of smuggling. Another example that has
              been going on for a
              couple of years now on islands like Chios and Lesbos is
              that the state closes
              down refugee camps that have been created with the help of
              local people and
              grassroots organizations. So what first was welcomed as an
              initiative from
              civil society to support the state in housing migrants and
              providing them with food
              and health care because the state lacked all kinds of
              resources (the result of
              a combination of years of austerity with a lack of
              migration policy) is now
              condemned as a criminal act, as illegally supporting
              illegal people. To come
              down to my point, this strategy of hotspotting by defining
              an area as a high
              voltage border and putting it under permanent control
              demolishes the visual
              manifestations of solidarity and voluntary support and
              turns the long existing
              relationships between state and society invisible. In
              doing so it takes away
              one of the most important democratic tools of a group of
              people namely the
              possibility of imaging itself as a community in
              relationship with others by visualizing
              its deeds and performing public acts. So I think the
              paradigmatic interplay
              between the visible and the invisible is not just
              performed on an instrumental level
              by covering things up and exposing others but on a
              political level as it
              interferes with a society’s possibilities to be visible to
              itself as a society.
                 </span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span
              lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span
              lang="EN-US">I can share some examples of
              activist’s attempts to re-visualize the society’s concern
              for migrants on the
              Aegean islands in a next post,</span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span
              lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span
              lang="EN-US">Best,</span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span
              lang="EN-US">Huub</span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span
              lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span
style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial;background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">*According
              to the E.U. Commission: "A
              Hotspot is characterized by specific and disproportionate
              migratory
              pressure, </span><span
              style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial"><br>
              <span
                style="background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">consisting
                of mixed migratory flows, which are
                largely linked to the smuggling of migrants, and where
                the Member</span><br>
              <span
                style="background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">State
                concerned might request support of better
                cope with the migratory pressure."</span></span></p>
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          <div class="gmail_signature">
            <div dir="ltr"><font
                style="background-color:rgb(204,204,204)" face="courier
                new, monospace" color="#444444">Prof. dr. Huub
                Dijstelbloem<br>
                WRR - <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                  href="http://www.wrr.nl" target="_blank">www.wrr.nl</a><br>
                UvA - <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.uva.nl/over-de-uva/organisatie/medewerkers/content/d/i/h.o.dijstelbloem/h.o.dijstelbloem.html"
                  target="_blank">http://www.uva.nl/over-de-uva/organisatie/medewerkers/content/d/i/h.o.dijstelbloem/h.o.dijstelbloem.html</a><br>
                Academia - <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                  href="https://amsterdam.academia.edu/HuubDijstelbloem"
                  target="_blank">https://amsterdam.academia.edu/HuubDijstelbloem</a></font><br>
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        <br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">2016-02-08 13:55 GMT+01:00 Ricardo
          Dominguez <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="mailto:rrdominguez@ucsd.edu" target="_blank">rrdominguez@ucsd.edu</a>&gt;</span>:<br>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">----------empyre-
            soft-skinned space----------------------<br>
            <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> <br>
              Hola Huub y Tod@s,<br>
              <br>
              I was wondering how your work traces out the question of
              how virtual fences function in creating targeted
              visibility (as expanded forms<br>
              surveillance) of immigration, how does migration hotspot*
              management function shutdown invisibility and <br>
              escape routes? <br>
              <br>
              *According to the E.U. Commission: "A Hotspot is
              characterized by specific and disproportionate migratory
              pressure, <br>
              consisting of mixed migratory flows, which are largely
              linked to the smuggling of migrants, and where the Member<br>
              State concerned might request support of better cope with
              the migratory pressure."<br>
              <br>
              Very best,<br>
              Ricardo<br>
              <br>
              <br>
              <br>
              <br>
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