<p dir="ltr">Renate and others I was speaking myself as rethoric I could :) the origin of the American Indian is, regarding what ethnographie and geography say, Is people from the Polynesia who walked through the Behring strait when it was walkable. <br>
My point is the origin of any population is hidden in History and no one can today claim ownership. It don't mean we can forget all colonization and imperial conquests and which the Whites did to other races. But can we forget what the Oriental has done? The domination by Japan of other lands and people's the struggles between every African kingdom.<br>
My point Is the national state is a very modern concept and should not be used as an universal pattern.<br>
In modern Spain there are several nations sharing the same territory and the fight for an independent state in Catalunya and Baskien is a remain from older times.<br>
The structures of organization and self ruling used by Indian in both North and South America before the Europeans arrived offer a rich variation. From vertical and hierarchical empires as Aztecas in Mexico and Incas in Peru to loose federations as in North America.<br>
The whole concept of citizenship should be (and it's been) contested. Kymlicka and Saskia Sassen do it and Sassen speak about an active citizenship who allow everybody to act as concerned citizen in all countries.<br>
Ana</p>
<div class="gmail_quote">Den 20 feb 2016 20:01 skrev "Renate Terese Ferro" <<a href="mailto:rferro@cornell.edu">rferro@cornell.edu</a>>:<br type="attribution"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">----------empyre- soft-skinned space----------------------<br>
Ana, Murat and all,<br>
This discussion has been rich and varied and I thank all of you so much for sharing with us. This post is prompted by Ana¹s commend below<br>
Ana Valdes wrote:<br>
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Thank you Murat I think we are kind of stuck in these rethoric traps of "national states", "original people", "indigenous", etc. There are never ppl "born" in a place, there are ppl who settled down before others but that give them not right to claim any ownership.<br>
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We are hoping that many subscribers from the Americas or perhaps Australia who might want to comment on this as well. We encourage them to do so.<br>
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Where we live in upstate New York, nestled between the hills and lakes of Cayuga and Seneca Lakes, we recognize that the land that our white predecessors came to occupy was taken from the American Indian tribes that were the original inhabitants of the Americas. Many were killed by brutal battles that eventually stripped them of all of their land.<br>
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The Cayuga Indians are part of the Haudenosaunee or the Iroquois Confederacy. The Confederacy is comprised of six Indian nations and the Cayuga is one of those. Though American Indians have American citizenship, many identify instead as citizens of their own Indian nations. There are complicated land claims issues between the Cayuga¹s and the United States government that have been unsettled in the courts for decades based on unsigned treaties by the United States Congress. It is not uncommon as we travel from our home in Ithaca North along Cayuga Lake where obvious territorial disputes are marked by signage.<br>
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Just a bit farther North of us, our neighbor, Canada, recognizes the "First Peoples of Canada." We have many artistic friends in Australia whose work is dedicated to struggling for "aboriginal" and “indigenous peoples' rights." We think it is very important that part of our alignment with these local and international movements is to adopt the language determined by them for preservation of their rights and lands.<br>
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You can imagine that your comment Ana prompted us to think about these situations and that we do not regard these as rhetoric traps but instead legalities that have compromised the welfare of not only the Cayuga’s but many more of the Haudenosaunee confederacy in upstate New York. Our neighbors at Syracuse University ritually have an Indian blessing at the beginning of every major event to thank the forefathers the American Indians. Cornell University as a “land-grant” university complicatedly have chosen not to do this.<br>
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We feel a very special kinship to our American Indian neighbors who we feel have every right to claim ownership.<br>
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All our best,<br>
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Renate and Tim<br>
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Renate Ferro and Tim Murray<br>
Moderators -empyre soft-skinned space<br>
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On 2/19/16, 10:49 AM, "<a href="mailto:empyre-bounces@lists.artdesign.unsw.edu.au">empyre-bounces@lists.artdesign.unsw.edu.au</a> on behalf of Ana Valdés" <<a href="mailto:empyre-bounces@lists.artdesign.unsw.edu.au">empyre-bounces@lists.artdesign.unsw.edu.au</a> on behalf of <a href="mailto:agora158@gmail.com">agora158@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
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>----------empyre- soft-skinned space----------------------<br>
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