Re: [-empyre-] delineations

[Henry Warwick <henry.warwick@sbcglobal.net>]

The Voices in my Head tell me that on 4/6/05 2:19 PM, Kate Southworth at
katesouthworth@gloriousninth.com wrote:

> I do agree in particular with the points made by
> both Aliette and James that concern the need to articulate the different
> definitions of transgression and indeed of transcendence.


Impact Effects


Your Inputs:
Distance from Impact: 4830.00 km = 2999.43 miles
Projectile Diameter: 40233.50 m = 131965.88 ft = 24.99 miles
Projectile Density: 3000 kg/m3
Impact Velocity: 20.00 km/s = 12.42 miles/s
Impact Angle: 90 degrees
Target Density: 2500 kg/m3
Target Type: Sedimentary Rock


Energy:
Energy before atmospheric entry: 2.05 x 1025 Joules = 4.89 x 109 MegaTons
TNT
The average interval between impacts of this size somewhere on Earth during
the last 4 billion years is 3.2 x 10^9years


Major Global Changes:
The Earth is not strongly disturbed by the impact and loses negligible mass.
The impact does not make a noticeable change in the Earth's rotation period
or the tilt of its axis.
The impact does not shift the Earth's orbit noticeably.


Crater Dimensions:
Transient Crater Diameter: 228 km = 141 miles
Transient Crater Depth: 80.5 km = 50 miles

Final Crater Diameter: 464 km = 288 miles
Final Crater Depth: 1.88 km = 1.17 miles
The crater formed is a complex crater.

The volume of the target melted or vaporized is 182000 km^3 = 43700 miles^3
Roughly half the melt remains in the crater, where its average thickness is
4.47 km = 2.78 miles


Thermal Radiation:
The fireball is below the horizon. There is no direct thermal radiation.


Seismic Effects:
The major seismic shaking will arrive at approximately 966 seconds.
Richter Scale Magnitude: 11.1 (This is greater than any earthquake in
recorded history)

Mercalli Scale Intensity at a distance of 4830 km:

IV. Felt indoors by many, outdoors by few during the day. At night, some
awakened. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls make cracking sound.
Sensation like heavy truck striking building. Standing motor cars rocked
noticeably. 

V. Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Some dishes, windows broken.
Unstable objects overturned. Pendulum clocks may stop.



Ejecta:
The ejecta will arrive approximately 1520 seconds after the impact.

(HW Note: you are 3000 miles away, which means the ejecta will be travelling
at nearly 2 miles per second, which is hypersonic 7200 mph)

Average Ejecta Thickness: 21.3 cm = 8.38 inches
Mean Fragment Diameter: 113 micrometers = 4.46 1/1000 of an inch

(HW note: So, you will experience a field of red hot rocks 8 inches across
travelling at 7200 mph...)


Air Blast:
 
What does this mean?

The air blast will arrive at approximately 14600 seconds.
(HW Note: approx, 4 hours later)

Peak Overpressure: 77800 Pa = 0.778 bars = 11.1 psi
Max wind velocity: 142 m/s = 318 mph
Sound Intensity: 98 dB (May cause ear pain)
Damage Description:

Multistory wall-bearing buildings will collapse.

Wood frame buildings will almost completely collapse.

Glass windows will shatter.

Up to 90 percent of trees blown down; remainder stripped of branches and
leaves.


http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/impacteffects/