[-empyre-] No. 2 Day 2 Week 2: Sonic Paths

[Marcus Boon]

Douglas: Sure there are drone fugues ... even the drone of a tambura in Hindustani classical music is a two pitch drone, and because of the way the tambura is strummed, you could say there's a subtle counterpoint to the overlapping of the pitches.  While computers and synths allow for the production of continuous parallel sustained tones, one of the main sources of dynamics in drone music is the dropping out and reappearance of pitches within the tone cluster of the drone.  You could describe modal music in general as a kind of counterpoint music.  

One of the ideas in Nina's post that I'm curious about is the notion of "sensing sound".  When we visited the Cornell ornithology lab a few years ago, one of the major surprises for me (in my ignorance of biology) was the sheer range of ways in which different organisms interact with sound and vibration.  That ears are only one way of absorbing sound, and that there are many other ways in which different animals ... bats, birds, marine creatures of many kinds ... are able to pick up vibrations ... and emit them too.  One way of framing this is to say that all listening is a kind of tactility ... that in the end senses of vibration amount to different forms of tactility.  But I wonder whether that's how you see things?  Does it always come down to modes of sensing, "distributions of the sensible" ... or is there something else.  So long as we're talking about vibration, we're talking about mechanics (depending on what we include in the category of the vibratory!) ... but when we start talking about energy, do things shift at all? Do we have to consider something other than sensing?  Of course, most of the art that Douglas has written about in ESER, and the singing and listening practices that Nina is describing are about rendering sensible certain things that are there but not accessible to the senses.  But I wonder if there's something that we miss when we think about it this way.  One pathway into this might be Benjamin's idea of "non-sensuous similarity" ....




On 2014-06-11, at 2:43 AM, Douglas Kahn wrote:

> ----------empyre- soft-skinned space----------------------Nina. Your book sounds wonderful; what's the ETA? On the face, it seems
> like a wise move to couch "sound" in vibration since it would be more
> inclusive of not only inaudible and audible acoustics, but also the
> mechanics/movement operating across bodies and spaces at first sensory and
> physical remove from sound. It seems to retune and temper sound to lived
> and performed situations. It also questions how close sound should be
> attached to listening. Hillel Schwartz in Making Noise and other writings
> has long made it clear how "sound", its kith and kin change with respect to
> historical, cultural and physiological contexts. The presumption of the
> "human audible range" rolls off the tongue.
> 
> I like too what you say about where a sound stops and starts. It reminds me
> both of James Tenney's notion of the event structure of the klang in
> Meta-Hodos as an analytical and compositional construct. On a more prosaic
> level, it reminds me of the atoms/atmos issue of a cloud, how many clouds
> in a cluster, overcast, overcast at night. Marcus, are there drone fugues?
> A contrapuntal overcast? Where the "sound" in sound studies stops and
> starts is a much more fraught question. I was in Europe recently where a
> musicologist decided that musicology was the best discipline to decide what
> was canonical and what was not in sound art as a whole. Not that discourses
> in sound art make that much reference to sound studies in any case, but the
> inheritant presumption of the musicologist (buy me a drink and I'll name
> names) was precious.    
> 
> I don't necessarily think that the "vibration" in my early tripartite
> formulation of "vibration, inscription, transmission" is awfully applicable
> to the way you're using the term. When I brought that up in 1992 in the
> introduction to the collection Wireless Imagination: Sound, Radio and the
> Avant-garde it was a rhetorical reading of figures of sound present in the
> early-20th century and influential on modernist, late-modernist and
> experimental practices subsequently. It was mostly in literature and
> representational forms of synaesthesia (physiologically, synaesthesia
> exists, its generalization among the arts and aesthetics is as cultural as
> it gets). It was very developed and common in occult and spiritist
> materials, where it played the odd role of a mystical rationalism
> flourishing from the latter-half of the 19th century while the putatively
> rational sciences and mathematics grew further from experience. 
> 
> The heavy use of integers is a good sign, so that's where music often comes
> in. Its rhetorical standing is written in the way music extended to the
> structure of the cosmos in adherence to Pythagorean and neo-Pythagorean
> ideals, and even in the retreat (that I mention in the book) to an
> instrinsic mathematics and cosmogenesis in superstring theory that has
> Brian Greene and others effusive about violins, cellos and the Aeolian
> existing at an exceedingly tiny scale. No cosmic brass or percussion, it
> seems, just strings. My daughter is a classical clarinetist, so this too
> disturbs me. I would like her to be recognized as part of the cosmos. Her
> partner is a cellist but that is beside the point. 
> 
> Douglas
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>> ----------empyre- soft-skinned space----------------------
>> Thank you to Renate and Tim, and to Marcus, for the invitation to engage in
>> this conversation with Douglas, Marcus, and the <empyre> community.
>> 
>> The rabbit hole of physical energy or, vibration, opened up beneath my feet
>> when I started to question the assumptions I had to hold in order to
>> subscribe to the category �sound.� It was experiences within my own
>> sustained practice of singing and inquiry other singers'  vocal pieces,
>> pieces that initially did not make sense to me, that led to my doubting and
>> questioning assumptions around sound. So, to address Marcus� initial
>> question: deeply indebted to the questions and perspectives sounds studies
>> have opened up (Alain Corbin, Veit Erlmann, Julian Henrique, Doug Kahn,
>> Mara Mills, Jonathan Sterne, Emily Thompson, and others), the way in which
>> my work relates to sound studies is by interrogating the very category of
>> sound. 
>> 
>> For example, in my forthcoming book, Sensing Sound, I am interested in how
>> the different conceptualizations of and names (say, �sound�) given that
>> which might be thought about as
>> vibrations-transmitted-or-transducted-through-material directs our overall
>> experience of it. (How might this relate to Doug�s three part framework:
>> vibration, inscription and transmission?) For example, how is subsequent
>> aesthetics and analysis marked by the understanding that sound is
>> understood as measureable within in time�i.e. that a given sound starts,
>> goes on, and ends? Moreover, if it is assumed we can know sound and that it
>> occupies a certain time-span, what else is it assumed we ought to know
>> about it? And, if a given person is not able to recognize or name according
>> to such parameters, what do we believe their naming or inability to name
>> the sound tells us about that person? 
>> 
>> In other words, thinking about vibration in the form of sound seems to push
>> into the territory of assumption about what can be known, and value and
>> virtue around people who hold such knowledge. The assumption that we can
>> identify a given vibration as a knowable sound, also presumes that there is
>> something stable, or, a prior, to an iteration of vibration towards which
>> the given iteration of vibration is compared. Moreover, thinking about
>> sound as knowable, presumes the listener not only hears and recognizes the
>> sound, but, prior to that assessment, holds knowledge about possible sound
>> designations. The knowledge about these sound designations is used to
>> subsequently compare and recognize sounds. Finally, what does thinking
>> about a certain category of vibration as sound, presumes vis-�-vis
>> listening, or perception thereof, more broadly?
>> 
>> To me, it is here the body--already mentioned by Douglas and Marcus--is
>> inextricably linked to a category such as sound. Who whom or to what
>> (whether human, animal, object, or instrument of measurement, or other)
>> does that energetic or vibrational field unfold as *sound*? More
>> importantly, what is gained, or, what (political, social, ethical, etc.)
>> work can be carried out by understanding energetic or vibrational field as
>> sound? 
>> 
>> Nina
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> On Jun 10, 2014, at 6:28 AM, Marcus Boon <mboon at yorku.ca> wrote:
>> 
>>> ----------empyre- soft-skinned space----------------------
>>> I think that notion of energy and its relation to the arts is an
>> important one. I was just browsing through the <empyre> archive and
>> reading Alex Galloway's comments about the Excommunication book, and his
>> interest in finding ways of talking about media that aren't predicated on
>> communication or networks in their various reified forms.  Earth Sound,
>> Earth Signal offers a start at finding vocabularies and practices for
>> thinking about and engaging with energy qua energy.
>>> 
>>> But it's true that "energy" can be an incredibly vague word, when used by
>> artists or other non-scientists.  And then there's the various New Age
>> framings of energy, which the book acknowledges, while insisting on some
>> kind of concrete practice of engagement with energy, however esoteric the
>> theory.  I wonder how the work of someone like Wilhelm Reich (who's
>> mentioned a couple of times in ESER) fits into the argument: he has a
>> theory of universal energy (the orgone), various practices for mobilizing
>> it (including the infamous cloud busters that were attempts to manipulate
>> geophysical energies) ... and an influence on the arts that is probably
>> still uncharted (I think of Burroughs with his orgone accumulator ...).
>>> 
>>> Doug mentioned that he mostly bracketed the issue of the body, as a
>> complex and subtle field of energetic forces. I'm definitely interested in
>> the body in my own work, because the kinds of manipulation of energy,
>> vibration, and sound that happen say in a dancehall, are very much tuned to
>> the capabilities or possibilities of the human body.  Julian Henriques'
>> Sonic Bodies is a marvellous attempt to fully catalog what that force field
>> of the dancehall is composed of.  I'd also say that it's difficult to avoid
>> the issue of "psychic energy" when talking about subcultural scenes which
>> are often concerned with what Goodman calls "affective mobilization".  The
>> emphasis in Doug's book on transduction is very helpful to me ... I'm
>> interested in what constitutes affective transduction.  I know that folks
>> like Brian Massumi have done some elegant work on this ... but I'm
>> increasingly drawn to thinking it through in terms of psychoanalysis, and
>> the ways in which the psyche is structured 
>>> to accept, reject, seek to repeat or seek to block internal and external
>> energy.  But of course it gets tricky because the status of energy, or
>> libido, within psychoanalysis today is pretty shaky.  
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> On 2014-06-09, at 8:00 PM, Douglas Kahn wrote:
>>> 
>>>> ----------empyre- soft-skinned space----------------------
>>>> Hello everyone.
>>>> 
>>>> Thanks to Tim and Renate, and thanks to Marcus for inviting Nina and
>> myself
>>>> to <empyre>. It's now Tuesday morning here in Sydney; it's nice to
>> wake up
>>>> to this discussion. 
>>>> 
>>>> My book Earth Sound Earth Signal took many years to research and write.
>>>> Like the genesis of books for many people, I was not planning to write
>> it;
>>>> instead it grew out of trying to understand a few works by the composer
>>>> Alvin Lucier and the artist Joyce Hinterding that involved "natural
>> radio." 
>>>> 
>>>> Investigating natural radio turned out to be the natural place to start
>>>> unpacking the relationship between two energies, sound and
>>>> electromagnetism, especially the historical trade between the two
>> starting
>>>> in 19th C. telecommunications. Natural radio, it turned out, was heard
>> on
>>>> telephone lines nearly two decades before Marconi's wireless telegraphy
>>>> device and about a decade before Hertz verified the existence of
>>>> electromagnetic waves. Thus, the catch phrase: radio was heard before
>> it
>>>> was invented.
>>>> 
>>>> Sound is considered first of all a physical energy in the major
>> classical
>>>> physics branch of mechanics, electromagnetism as the other; with their
>>>> relations falling within moments and means of transduction (which I
>> break
>>>> down into two very general categories in-degree and in-kind). So the
>>>> expansion of sound studies that Marcus mentions is based upon the
>>>> generalization of sound among other energies. It was a dual task layed
>> out
>>>> methodologically by trying to understand what artists do on the terms
>> upon
>>>> which they work (rather than through received canonical or theoretical
>>>> lenses) and going wherever the sound leads.   
>>>> 
>>>> The "expansion" of sound studies was how sound studies got going in the
>>>> first place. It is also the mode of operation in much of the
>> avant-garde
>>>> and experimental arts that I study; they have in the past been thought
>> to
>>>> be reduced acts of transgression when they can be seen more generatively
>> as
>>>> proposing or enacting possibility. Those two "opening ups" coupled with
>>>> what Michel Serres says about collectivist reciprocation (too many
>>>> scientists, he says, take knowledge from nature and give nothing back)
>> is
>>>> what animates my own work. 
>>>> 
>>>> In this sense, I've boiled it down to: John Cage opened music to sound;
>>>> it's time to open sound to energy. Of course, it has always been open;
>> only
>>>> our analyses have been lacking. In theory and philosophy when "energy"
>> is
>>>> discussed, it is very rarely specified; it's more of a short hand and
>> broad
>>>> brush. I hope we can think about that in our discussion of "vibration".
>> My
>>>> first recourse now is wonder what differnt energies may be interacting.
>> 
>>>> 
>>>> In Earth Sound Earth Signal I kept away from the body for a good reason.
>> I
>>>> only dipped below Alvin Lucier's scalp for his brainwaves and traced
>> the
>>>> transduction down tympan alley past the cilia to the ion channels. I
>>>> avoided the body and got out as quickly as I could. The body works on a
>>>> very complex and different set of energies than radio and other
>> locations
>>>> along the electromagnetic spectrum. No one had ever tried to introduce
>> the
>>>> aesthetics and politics along the e-m spectrum (in 1994 Hugh Aitken had
>>>> proposed a SHOT-style project to do so, but he died and no one took up
>> the
>>>> task), so I had enough work to do without multiplying the level of
>>>> complication. 
>>>> 
>>>> But I am starting to think about it now. The "discourse" of energy is
>> alive
>>>> and well among artists, but what for instance does a musician or actor
>> mean
>>>> when they talk about the energy in the room? The other direction is to
>>>> relate these energies with the ecological realities facing the planet.
>> If
>>>> we understand global media systems to be energetic ones (and not, say,
>>>> merely cartographic/inscriptive networks), then how might that relate
>> to
>>>> that other energy issue happening in the solar-terrestrial environment.
>>>> Again, I think there are concrete ways to proceed. 
>>>> 
>>>> Douglas           
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Douglas Kahn
>>>> Professor of Media and Innovation
>>>> Australia Research Council Fellow
>>>> National Institute for Experimental Arts
>>>> College of Fine Arts
>>>> University of New South Wales, Sydney
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>>> ----------empyre- soft-skinned space----------------------
>>>>> Thanks to Tim and Renate for inviting us to participate in empyre this
>>>>> week!
>>>>> 
>>>>> When Tim and Renate asked me what directions my own interest in sound
>>>>> studies were taking, I thought immediately about Douglas Kahn's new
>> book
>>>>> Earth Sound, Earth Signal: Energies and Earth Magnitude in the Arts,
>> which
>>>>> U. California published a few months ago.  I've been interested in
>> expanded
>>>>> ideas of sound studies for a while, particularly in thinking about
>>>>> vibration as it relates to popular and experimental music scenes --
>> partly
>>>>> under the influence of Steve Goodman and his fascinating book Sonic
>>>>> Warfare, which MIT published a few years ago.  I've been talking with
>> Nina
>>>>> Eidsheim for several years now, and was struck by her work on vibration
>> and
>>>>> singing/performance (which will be published in her forthcoming book
>>>>> Sensing Sound).  So I thought it'd be interesting to have a
>> conversation
>>>>> about different ideas re. an expanded field of sound studies, that
>> would
>>>>> include different frameworks of physical or other forces that in some
>> way
>>>>> underlie what we call sound.  When I suggested
>>>>> this to Doug, he immediately pointed out to me that for him, it's not
>>>>> (just) about vibration, or sound as a particular kind of vibration ...
>> but
>>>>> a three part framework: vibration, inscription and transmission, that
>> he
>>>>> uses to think different technocultural practices.  What he's given us
>> is a
>>>>> history of visual and sonic arts that mobilize the electromagnetic
>> spectrum
>>>>> in different ways.  That (to me) is a major expansion of what
>> constitutes
>>>>> possible materials or matters of concern when it comes to making art.
>>>>> 
>>>>> So I'd like to begin by asking Doug and Nina to talk a little about
>>>>> expanded frameworks of sound studies ... how do they think about that?
>>>>> What's at stake in shifting the parameters?
>>>>> 
>>>>> For myself, I'll save the details for a later post, but I'm intrigued
>> by
>>>>> what Goodman calls "the politics of sub-frequency". Where he focuses
>> on
>>>>> warfare and violence, I'm interested in the erotics of sub frequency
>> ...
>>>>> the kinds of intimacy that are sustained through sound and vibration
>> in
>>>>> subcultural and experimental music scenes.  But also the limits of that
>> ...
>>>>> a kind of resistance to vibration, to being touched by it, that one
>> notices
>>>>> especially with drone music, which still makes a lot of people
>>>>> uncomfortable ... or "bored" ....
>>>>> 
>>>>> One note. Doug is in Sydney, Australia, Nina is in LA, I am in Montreal
>> ...
>>>>> so expect some significant lags ... and of course, respond to us or ask
>> us
>>>>> to explain ourselves whenever you like.
>>>>> 
>>>>> More soon ....
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>> 
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> 
> Douglas Kahn
> National Institute for Experimental Arts
> College of Fine Arts
> University of New South Wales, Sydney
> 
> 
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